China has approved the world’s first invasive brain-computer chip—here’s what’s next

China has approved the world’s first invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) for use beyond clinical trials, marking a significant milestone in neurotechnology. The device, called NEO, was developed by a Shanghai-based startup in collaboration with researchers at Tsinghua University. It is designed to help patients with paralysis caused by spinal cord injuries regain control over their limbs. Dong Hui, a 39-year-old man paralyzed from the neck down after a car accident, became one of the first recipients of the implant and has since been able to perform tasks such as writing and grasping objects with the aid of a robotic glove. The NEO device is implanted on the dura mater, the brain’s protective outer layer, during a surgical procedure lasting about 90 minutes. It captures brain signals and transmits them to an external computer, which translates the signals into commands to control assistive devices. Dong’s rehabilitation began a week after surgery, and within days he was able to grasp objects without the glove. The device is approved for patients aged 18 to 60 who have paralysis in all limbs due to spinal cord injuries but retain some residual arm function. This approval opens the door for many others in China to access similar treatments. This development is notable as NEO is the first invasive BCI to receive regulatory approval globally, outpacing competitors such as Neuralink, a U.S.-based company. The approval reflects advances in brain-computer technology and growing confidence in its safety and efficacy. Experts see this as a breakthrough that could transform rehabilitation and quality of life for people with severe paralysis. The technology’s success in China may accelerate further innovation and regulatory acceptance worldwide, potentially expanding applications beyond spinal injury to other neurological conditions. The approval also highlights China’s increasing role in cutting-edge medical technology and neuroengineering. With an aging population and a rising incidence of traumatic injuries, the demand for such assistive devices is expected to grow. As patients like Dong continue their rehabilitation, the focus will shift to improving device functionality, accessibility, and affordability. The NEO implant’s success could pave the way for broader adoption of invasive BCIs, offering new hope for restoring independence to millions affected by paralysis.