China: the ‘abusive’ partner the EU just can’t quit?

The European Union is grappling with its complex and increasingly fraught economic relationship with China as concerns mount over Beijing’s growing industrial dominance. European officials and analysts are debating whether the EU is prepared to adopt a tougher, more unified stance against China’s flood of cheap imports, which are undermining strategic industries and accelerating deindustrialization in parts of the continent. This economic pressure is contributing to rising social tensions and bolstering support for radical political movements across Europe. China’s role as a major supplier of affordable goods, including electric vehicles, solar panels, and electronics, complicates the EU’s response, as many European consumers appreciate the accessibility and innovation of these products. The European Commission is attempting to balance protecting domestic industries with maintaining access to Chinese markets and goods that have become integral to European consumers and businesses. The challenge lies in forging a cohesive policy that can withstand internal divisions within the bloc as economic costs increase. The situation has sparked intense discussions in Brussels about the future of EU-China relations and whether Europe has reached a “China shock” moment—where the economic and political consequences of dependence on China become too significant to ignore. The outcome of these debates will have far-reaching implications for Europe’s industrial base, geopolitical positioning, and social stability. The EU’s ability to stay united and decisive in the face of China’s economic influence remains uncertain, highlighting the delicate balance between engagement and strategic autonomy.