'Killer fungus' could be good news for habitats decimated by invasive moss

A newly discovered fungus in Britain shows promise as a natural control against the invasive heath-star moss, which has been damaging native habitats across the UK and Europe. The fungus, identified by Dr. George Greiff, infects and kills the aggressive moss, creating distinctive "fairy rings of death" visible in affected areas such as south Wales. This discovery offers hope for restoring ecosystems harmed by the rapid spread of this non-native plant. Dr. Greiff first encountered the fungus four years ago on the Isle of Wight, where he noticed patches of dead moss but initially could not identify the cause. Collaborating with scientists in the UK and France, he confirmed the presence of a previously unknown fungal species responsible for the die-back of heath-star moss. Unlike many fungi that are harmful, this one could be beneficial by targeting an invasive species that has proliferated widely since its introduction to Britain, likely from the southern hemisphere in the 1940s. The heath-star moss has become a dominant presence in various habitats, including hillsides, sand dunes, and even urban areas, outcompeting native moss species that are crucial for ecosystems such as temperate rainforests and peatlands. These native mosses play vital roles in carbon storage and biodiversity support. The invasive moss's rapid reproduction and widespread spore dispersal have allowed it to flourish, threatening the ecological balance. This discovery is significant given the broader context of invasive species in Britain, where over 2,000 non-native plants and animals have disrupted native populations and habitats. While species like the grey squirrel and Japanese knotweed are well-known invaders, the impact of invasive mosses has been less studied. The identification of a natural fungal pathogen that specifically targets heath-star moss could lead to new, environmentally friendly management strategies, helping to protect and restore vulnerable native ecosystems.